Game Theory was a 1980s power pop band, founded by singer/songwriter Scott Miller, combining melodic jangle pop with dense experimental production and hyperliterate lyrics. MTV described their sound as "still visceral and vital" in 2013, with records "full of sweetly psychedelic-tinged, appealingly idiosyncratic gems" that continued "influencing a new generation of indie artists." In September 2014, Omnivore Recordings released the first of a series of remastered reissues of the entire Game Theory catalog.

Miller was the group's leader and sole constant member, presiding over frequently changing line-ups. During its early years in Davis, California, Game Theory was often associated with the Paisley Underground movement, but remained based in northern California, moving to the Bay Area in 1985, while similarly aligned local bands moved to Los Angeles.