Arsenio Rodríguez (born Ignacio Arsenio Travieso Scull; 31 August 1911 – 31 December 1970) was a Cuban musician, composer and bandleader.

He played the tres (Cuban string instrument) in son-based music and tumbadora, or conga, in folkloric rumba. In the 1940s and 50s Rodríguez reorganized the son conjunto ('son group') and developed the son montuno, the basic template of modern-day salsa. He claimed to be the true creator of the mambo and was an important as well as a prolific composer who wrote nearly two hundred song lyrics.