Pelham Humfrey (Humphrey, Humphrys) (London 1647 – Windsor 14 July 1674) was the first of the new generation of English composers at the beginning of the Restoration to rise to prominence.

He died at the age of 27, but along with Matthew Locke exerted a strong influence on his peers even at his young age, including William Turner, Henry Purcell, and John Blow. His early death is considered one of the greatest tragedies in the history of English music; at his death he had already produced several works of great poignancy and expressive power including the Verse Anthem O Lord my God.