The Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (GSO; Swedish: Göteborgs Symfoniker) is a symphony orchestra based in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1905, it was granted the title of the National Orchestra of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges Nationalorkester) in 1997. The GSO is resident at the Gothenburg Concert Hall at Götaplatsen.

Although the GSO has a broad repertoire, it has a special affinity for the works of the Nordic Late Romantic composers, such as Jean Sibelius and Edvard Grieg, which has comprised the bulk of its recorded output, as well as Neeme Järvi's specialty, Prokofiev. During Järvi's 22 years as principal conductor, the orchestra's longest, its reputation on the world stage was greatly increased, including sponsorships from Volvo and a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon. Järvi currently holds the title of Principal Conductor Emeritus (Chefdirigent Emeritus) with the GSO.